Bulkhead construction.



JULIUS ammi/immane, or BROOKLYN, NEW YORK.

Liemeer T all t0/iam it may concern Be it known that I, Jumps R., WEM- LINGER, a citizen of Athe United States, residing in the city of Brooklyn, inthe county of Kings and State of New York,` have in-V vented certain new and useful Improvements in Bulkhead Construction; and I do hereby declare the following tobe a full,`

clear, andjexact description of the invention, Ysuch asy will enable others skilled in the art to which it appertains to make and use` the same.

My invention relates to improved con-- structions. adapted for use asbullr-heads,l dock-Walls, wharves, seaf-vvvalls, ,canal or' other embankments, retaining-Walls, etc,Y and in fact for any purposejor location .Where earth or other materials have 'to be retained With vertical or `.inclined faces,

As illustrated herein my invention confr-` prises the use of metallic sheet piling, which may be of any form of construct-ion. .The

4sheet piling is driven into yand throughthe ground toa sufficientA depthlbelow the surl ing may also been ace'of the materials on the-outer or ydeeper side thereof, and after thisis done the .up vper portion thereof is provided lwith a concrete facing and coping to forma neat and substantial finish, Well adapted to with?" p eatherand other condi.- tions imposed-thereon, Themetalpiling used in may bedri'ven in anyl of the various man? stand the ser-vice,A

my construction ners customary for this purpose and the depth or length *of the piling should vbe suchl` as to penetratea 'suiicient distance into solid orstable earth, etc., so as to securely anchor said piling at its bottom portion 4to enable it .A

' y to resist the thrustof the-materials inclosed thereby. The upelplortion of the said pilored y'to the inclosed material, taking-care thatthe anchor bolts `for this purpose extend `Well vbeyond the natural slope which such material -Will assume When in its free condition .whether Wet or dry. LIn other Words, both the top land bottom anchorage should be made securel to.

i Y' bestv serve the-intended' purposes.

' nels, canals, vvharves', doclimetc., the piling- In. cases where my lmprovedbulk-head'A construction is used -v for vWalls xadjoining Watergor Water courses, such. as Shlp chan,-

- Specification of Letters' 'atentl vApplication `filed November 23, 1912. Serial N o.` 733,205.

i Patented May a, iaia may be driven untilthe lower vportion is embedded in a substantial stratum, preferably impervious to Water, if such be found, such as clay, hard-pan, etc., and after the piling is thus placed and anchored, the earthyl or other material may be excavated from the outer side by dredging or otherWise""t,o\ the ,Y

d ep'th required. This method of constiniction, therefore, lprovides a temporarymeans for preventing slides of earth into a canal'r orother Water course, or into an earth cut,`V While lthe dredging or excavating of the." lsame is being accomplished, and when 1inyishe'd, my bulle-head forms apermanent rejtaining Wall, establishing a stable support` fOr the earth or other material; 'This, therey' --fore,vn1inimi-Zes`the laborand expense and l n `obviates the necessity of excavating or grad'- y ing the banks to their slope of repose.

Ifthe level of the top of my finished bulk-head'is to bejhigher than that ofthe natural surface. adjoining thefsam'e, the dredged or. excavated material -fromfthe outer side thereof maybe 4deposited onthe ,inner side, thereby urther minimizing the f expense and laborofconstruction. If material impervious to Water,'such as clay, etc.,l

iS. easily available, that portion of the back' lilling adjoining the sheet pilingvmay be formed thereof and this -will thereby serve Y.

to vfurther protect and reinforce the structure. llihere- Water is apt' to collect v'behind the structure, lv'veep holes or drains may be ,provided ,to -allovv it to escape and thereby "lessen the pressure on ,the Wall.

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My construction is particularly adapted i for use along streams, canals or WaterwaysA which are to besubsequently deepened, or.

along streets, railroad cuts,` etc., and if de- I sired, mybulk-head may be completed be! f fore 'any of the excavating is done. .In this -case, the sheet piling would be drivenl from,

or above, the .existing surface of theground, and after a part or the Whole of the sheet piling is driven and anchored, dredging or excavating. may be done and the excavated v material may be used as back-iilling to form part of theinished back. A

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Having thus given a'I general description of my invention', I Will noW, in order to make the matter-more clear, refer to the one sheetof drawings which forms partof this I, I,

specication anfd in which like numbers rev' fer to likeparts v Figure l 1s-a transverse 'yertical cross sec-i' tionf'of "a lAl/:ullk-head of m construction in connectiomwith Va .wharf docknor canal.v FiggQ 1s anisometric viewof a part of the 1'-, y upper portion of one form of my construction showing, in this case, corrugated mei tallic sheet pilin with concrete on the front and rear faces of the upper portion thereof. .Figl 3 'is a r transverse sectijon.n .of aifmodi fied form of construction ofthe upper'part of a bulk-head wall', the details of which areI slightly different, but 'within'. they scope of my vinvention. i

Referrmg now y y reference on the drawings :a+-l indicates me- I vtallic sheet `pilin'g,f the form shown in. Fig.

2rbeing made of corrugatedplateswith locking strips 2, `secured thereto; and-although this style lends itself4 readily tothe. purpose,y

intended, I wish it understood-'that other forms ofmetallic sheet piling may be. used in this connection.y

" fchannel secured horizontally to the out- AS Shawn in rig;f1',e'ii1dicasaman I side surface ofthe sheet piling and adapted plate, the horizontal portion of which, as indicated at.. 5,is `cutfinto'scallops orl corru gations as shown,r toflfit vwithin the' groovesp' 35 of -the;.corrugated piling as illustrated,

to retain and-assist fingthe-supportof the .concrete facing thereona Asshown in Fig-#2,l-'indicates'thefouter Y vupwardly extending flange of.v 'a tbinmetal thereby forming av tight support '-.for the concrete `"which is; deposited thereon afterkmix` ing. 'fflhescalloped plate is supported v,against'the outer' face of the pilingfby Z- 'Jleinporary forms may be usedv in thecus.- v

tomairy manner for holding the concrete in j position .while being placed and yduring its' peri'odf` of setting, after which, the tempofy raryfforms maybe removed as customary.

. `memberexten'ding horizontally along the "50.

lAsg'shcwn in Fig', 7 indicates a Z-bar outer' face ofthe vmetallic piling adapted to y, yhold and strengthen the lower edge of the concrete facing. -In the several views, short pieces of fZ-bar or 'bracket sections 8 are ate tached to the outer face of the sheet piling to serve as anchors for the concrete for the purpose of holdingthe same firmly in1posi-` tion'.' Y

' f 'As shown in Fig.' 1, 9 is anb anchor bolt passing throughy the metallic piling nearthe upper partvthereof, which bolt extends back` wardly into the earth or other material for a distance sufficient t'o insure proper 'anchorage by-attachment to the anchor plate or bar Thisganclior plate 10 is preferably to the yariousinumbers of 'A Shaped clipsv e attached u) the piling andl Lisaeea v located atsuch a distance back from the face of thebnlk-,head that it is beymd'theangle of repose of the filling material whether the same be wet or dry. In other Words, the

' anchor extends into the stable material in order to accomplish its purpose. This and back lling, or it may be driven as a pile into firmeal'thl as desired.

As shown in Fig. 3, 11 is an' anclilor bolt provided with a washer 12 for uniting theanchor plate may be embedded by excavation l upper portion of ,the metallic'sheetpiling to the `concrete coping.

` Asindicated in the various views 13 is a lfront"facing formed of concrete deposited in place against the sheet piling and anchoredthereto by the anchors 8 previously mentioned; and in the preferredform theA facing 13 is provided 'with an' upper'an'd rearwardly extending portion or copingll,

,which provides a substantial finish'for my coping let. In case aV rear facing of cmcrete` isv used, as indicated invFigs. 2 and 3, this may be provided with a similar metallic fab-- ric reinforcement indicated'l as 16. These reinforcements ,-15 and 16- maybe composed of rods, wires, expanded metal, wire mesh fabric, or other suitable inaterials'for thisr` purpose. The reinforcement cured to the anchors 8.

' As shown in Figs. 1 and -3;-4-17 indicates the filling or embankment in'the rear fof my bulk-head and supported thereby', which maybe composed of any suitable substances suchas earth, sand, broken stone, or inA fact any available materials. Incase, however, thatclay or similar material, which is im-l pervious to water, is availablefrom the excavation or otherwise, I prefer to place a layerof the'same immediately adjoining-the rearportionsof the metallic sheet piling to protect it.

As indicated in Figs. 1 and 3, 18 repre# sents the water in a harbor, dock, canal, etc., 'below which is indicated-'the silt or other .material .composing the bottom 19; while' ,15 maybe se-I the lowest material indicated". as 20 in Fig. i 1 is solid earth, clay, hard-pan or other'substantial formatiom'such as will be adapted to. form a firm sup rtxfor the lower end of the piling and ena le it to resist the lateral,

vertical 4or other pressures to which it will be subjected in use.`

As shown in Fig. 1,'21repre'sents` a string apiece or fender timber-secured to the upper part ofthe bulk-headrby the bolts 22',fas

shown, or it may be'v secured at a distance of` a few inches fromfftliefacing by using spaci' Vmetal piling,

the- Water surface and cient depth below the low-water level, sov

ing blocks, thereby providing more elasticity, if desired. This serves to `protect the bulkhead from impactand alsoprotects vessels or barges which come in contact therewith.-

24 represents the concrete backing in case Where this is used, i

As shown in the drawings the' vconcrete facing vextends to `a certain distance below preferably to a suiithat-the metallic piling will at no timebe exposed to the destructive action of the air which would lcause corrosion, and at the .same time the concrete facing protects the concrete may extend a short distance below the earth surface on' the outside of the wall.

Instead'of using metal lfabric reinforcement as showmI may` lay rods 23-in the rescription equivalents thereof, as are entrant angles of the anchory clips' 8 as'illustrated in I"ig. 3,-and'these rods ma be further supportedor connected vertica ly, if desired by other rods secured thereto by tie" 7 wires or otherwise.

From the foregoing, it will be seen that my construction has the advantage of avoiding duplication of work and material, for

the reason that the sheet piling-which forms part of the permanent structure is also used to support the bank of earthv during the con'- structive period, and the finished structure has a solidity,`strength and permanence essential to long life.

Although for the sake of simplicity of de-` and'phraseology in the claims I. `have quite generallyreferred to the subject matter of my invention as a bulk-head construction, I wish it understood that Vthis is adapted for use as bulk-heads,

taining walls, and in fact for any purpose or location where earth or other materials have to be retained in position with vertical or sloping faces. i

AlthoughI have shown and described my improvements in considerable detail, I do not wish to be limited to the exact andspeciiic details shown and described, but may use such substitutions, modificationsv or embraced within the scope of inyinvention, or as pointed out in the claims. i

Hai/ing thus described my invention, what I claim and desire `to secure by Letters 'Patent is l. a bulk-head construction comprising a wall of metallic sheet piling the lower portion of which is driveninto earth adaptedz to hold the same, a plurality of anchors connected to said wall and extending into the dock walls, sea walls, canal orother embankments re-l surface of the said piling at an intermediate portion thereof, a concrete facing applied 'to the upper portion f said piling and resting on said bracket, and

means for anchoring said concrete to said piling;

2.` In a bulk-head. construction 4of the character'described, the combination with a Wall of metallic sheet piling, of a plurality of anchor brackets secured to the upper portion of the outer face thereof, ajconcrete facing applied against the face of said piling and secured said. 4

3. In a bulk-head construction of the character described, the lcombination withk a wall ofinetallic sheet piling, of a substantiallyliorizontal longitudinal support secured intermediate of the endsI thereof, va concrete facing restingv on said support, andA means for vanchoring said Vfacing to the piling. l

4, In a bulk-head construction of the character described, 'a wallV of metallic sheet portion thereof, a concrete facing carried i by said support and metal fabric reinforcing embedded in said concrete. 5. .In a bulk-head construction of-.the character described, a wall of corrugated i metallic sheet piling provided `with angular brackets extending from the outer surface thereof, a metal plate supported by said brackets, provided' with an outer projecting liange and ahorizontal'portion formed into scallops oi' corrugations adapted to iit within 'the 'corrugations of said piling, thereby forming a Abase or support for facing material' adapted to rest thereon.

6. In a bulk-head construction comprising wall of metallic sheet piling, the lower end of which is driven into and embedded into firm earth or similar-material, anc-hors extending from the upper portion of said piling into solid Y thereto by the brackets aforepiling provided with a channel support eX-' 'tending longitudinally of an intermediate upwardly' material in the rear .there-Y of, a longitudinal support secured to the froiit surface of said piling at a point inter- [mediate of the ends thereof, a concrete facing, the lowerportion of which rests on saidy support, means for anchoring said facing to vsaid piling, a' timber -strin'g piece secured to the upper portion ef the concrete-facing and anchored to the piling aforesaid.

Y. In a. bulk-head construction'comprising a wall of metallic sheet piling, the lower end of which is driven into and embedded into irmearth orI similar material, anchors.

extending froml the upper portion of sand piling into lsolid a longitudinal support -securedto the front surface of said piling at ya point intermematerial in the rear thereofpv f liate of the ends.thereof, a, concrete coping In testimony whereof, II hereto iiix my and facing, the lower portion of which faosignature in the presence of two Witnesses.

ing said facing to said piling, a timber ing rests on said support, means for anchor- A JULIUS R WEMLINGER string piece secured `to the upper portion of I) Witnesses: v the concrete facing and anchored to the pil- 'OTTO TH. CARPENTIER,jJ ingeforesaid. CHAs. G. ROBERTSON. 

